Both are federally illegal Schedule I substances. Ibogaine and DMT, ayahuasca’s active compound, are both listed. Certain ayahuasca churches (UDV, Santo Daime) have religious exemptions from this classification. For ibogaine, no clinical or religious exemption currently permits legal administration in the US — though Texas has committed $50 million toward clinical trials aimed at FDA approval (SB 2308, 2025), and West Virginia and Mississippi advanced similar legislation in 2026. New Zealand is the only country where ibogaine can currently be legally prescribed.